Sustainable processing and refining of raw materials to produce battery grade Li-ion battery materials (Batt4EU Partnership)

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Code: 37271 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-02-D2-03 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 02/09/2025

Projects are expected to demonstrate the cost-effective, safe and sustainable production of at least one of the following end products:

• Metals and precursors suitable for batteries.
• Active electrode materials.The raw materials in scope are limited to lithium, cobalt, graphite, nickel, manganese and phosphorus.

Driving Urban Transitions to a sustainable future (DUT) Co-Funded Partnership

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Code: 37259 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-06-D2-07 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 24/09/2025

The objective of this action is to continue providing support to the European Co-funded Partnership “Driving Urban Transitions towards a Sustainable Future ” (DUT) identified in the “Horizon Europe” Strategic Plan 2021-2024 – initially implemented under the HORIZON-CL5-2021-D2-01-16: Co-funded Partnership theme: Driving Urban Transitions (DUT) – and the funding of additional activities (which may also be undertaken by additional partners) in line with its intended scope and duration, and in accordance with Article 24(2) of the Horizon Europe Regulation.

Fostering equity and justice in climate policies – Societal Readiness Pilot

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Code: 37256 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-06-D1-06 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 24/09/2025

Climate change and the transition to a low-carbon and climate-resilient future raises complex issues of equity regarding the equitable sharing of benefits and burdens of mitigation and adaptation efforts.

These considerations are not only giving impetus to global climate negotiations, but are also increasingly emerging as a central issue for national policy, legal systems and society at large.

Justice is therefore becoming both a critical factor and a potential barrier to shaping ambitious climate action, underlining the need to prioritise research to promote equitable climate transitions within the EU and globally.

The attribution to climate change, and improved forecasting of extreme and slow-onset climate- and weather-related events and their impacts

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Code: 37253 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-06-D1-04 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 24/09/2025

Anthropogenic climate change is affecting the intensity and likelihood of extreme weather events – the latest IPCC report warns that anthropogenic climate change is already affecting extreme weather events across the globe and that with each additional increase in global warming, changes in extreme events will continue to become greater.

Modelling of mitigation pathways for F-gases

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Code: 37250 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-06-D1-03 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 24/09/2025

Fluorinated gases are the fastest growing group of greenhouse gas emissions globally.

The Montreal Protocol has resulted in areduction in the use and emissions of ozone-depleting substances and will now also regulate the phase-out of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which account for the largest share of fluorinated gas use, mainly used in refrigerants, air conditioners and heat pumps.

Advancing Earth System Models to increase understanding of Earth system change

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Code: 37247 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-06-D1-02 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 24/09/2025

ESMs are the main tools used to assess future changes in the climate system.

Their resolution and realism have increased over the last two decades. Despite these advances, there are still several poorly understood and simulated processes, interactions and feedbacks that limit their ability to provide accurate predictions and forecasts of global and regional Earth system change, and to help understand and quantify future climate variability.

A particular challenge is how variability interacts with extreme events (including complex ones), particularly in relation to rainfall and water availability (both excess and scarcity).

Climate simulations data and knowledge for optimal support of IPCC Assessments and International Policy

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Code: 37244 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-06-D1-01 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 24/09/2025

Given the rapidly evolving climate crisis, there is an increasing need for accurate, reliable and usable information at global and local scales, as well as in the short and long term.

This information supports a range of requirements, including those related to policies. In particular, the simulations and knowledge provided to the IPCC, including the Seventh Assessment Report (AR7) and subsequent reports, need to be internally consistent and well coordinated.

The modelling, setting, set and design of simulations should be appropriate to meet societal and policy requirements in order to support the most timely developments in European and international climate policy.

Implementing the climate action pillar of the EU-African Union Partnership on Climate Change and Sustainable Energy

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Code: 37241 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-06-D1-07 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 24/09/2025

African societies and productive sectors are already experiencing widespread impacts from both natural disasters and man-made climate change .

These include loss of lives and biodiversity, increased disease burden, water scarcity, ocean acidification, reduced food production and reduced labour efficiency and economic growth.

The IPCC warns that with further warming, risks will escalate further, strongly suggesting a priority on climate risk reduction and adaptation efforts in the transition to a low-carbon future.

Critical elements for energy security of grid and storage technologies

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Code: 37238 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-01-Two-Stage-D3-23 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 02/09/2025

Developing innovative solutions that address specific critical issues affecting the energy security of the energy grid and/or storage technologies in terms of uninterrupted and cost-effective access to energy.

Since the energy security of the energy grid and the secure storage of variable renewable energy sources are directly linked to a cost-efficient and sustainable European energy system and are therefore essential for European competitiveness, not only the energy security issues of the grid and storage technologies as such, but also those related to their respective value chains need to be addressed.

Cost-effective next-generation batteries for long-duration stationary storage (Batt4EU Partnership)

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Code: 37235 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-01-Two-Stage-D2-02 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 02/09/2025

This theme aims to promote the development of materials that are recyclable, have a low environmental impact, are safe and have mass production potential.

As far as possible, the safety and sustainability of the materials developed are expected to be assessed in accordance with the Commission Recommendation on the safety and sustainability of chemicals and materials in their design.

Next generation aircraft autonomy technologies for cockpit / pilot assistance applications

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Code: 37232 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-03-Two-Stage-D5-09 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 04/09/2025

Next generation aircraft will be even more digital and automated, with more interactive and automated cockpits.

This will be even more dependent on the evolution of automation and is expected to mitigate the ever increasing complexity of aircraft systems and operations, ensuring safe and efficient operation.

However, automation is also prone to significant errors when used incorrectly or misinterpreted, especially when combined with new aircraft platforms (including new systems/capabilities) or new types of operations.

Adaptation to Climate Change: Effectiveness and Limits

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Code: 37229 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-05-Two-Stage-D1-05 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 04/09/2025

The effectiveness of climate change adaptation measures depends, among other factors, on the magnitude and rate of temperature increase, which may lead to the emergence of case-specific severe constraints.

However, scientific evidence on the effectiveness of adaptation remains limited and providing a universal definition of what constitutes effective adaptation is a challenge.

Safe Human-Technology Interaction (HTI) in the vehicle systems of the coming decade – Societal Readiness Pilot

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Code: 37227 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-04-D6-12 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 04/09/2025

The increasing automation of road transport poses new challenges, especially at lower levels of automation (level 3 and below), when control of driving is transferred from the driver to the vehicle or vice versa.

For these levels, it is important to ensure the right level of driver alertness in relation to the environment and the level of automation in order to avoid dangerous situations due to cognitive distraction.

Integration of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms into high-level protocols

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Code: 37224 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL3-2025-02-CS-ECCC-06 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Civil security for society (Cluster 3) (2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 12/06/2025 | End submission calls: 12/11/2025

The transition to post-quantum cryptography requires changing the uses of most currently deployed public-key cryptography (RSA and ECC). Research and development efforts are providing signature systems and key-exchange mechanisms that are generally accepted to withstand attacks using classical and quantum computers. Efforts are on the way to include these in core Internet protocols such as Transport Layer Security (TLS). While this is an important development, many more protocols need to be modified to be quantum-ready and to ensure backward compatibility with legacy systems.

Innovative air mobility and services for sustainable and smart urban, peri-urban transport – Societal Readiness pilot

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Code: 37223 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-04-D6-11 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 04/09/2025

The proposal is expected to develop the conditions and guidelines for a sustainable, smart, safe and resilient ecosystem for urban air mobility and services, with a focus on the urban logistics sector, where drones could be demonstrated and adopted more readily than in passenger mobility.

Security of implementations of Post-Quantum Cryptography algorithms

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Code: 37218 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL3-2025-02-CS-ECCC-05 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Civil security for society (Cluster 3) (2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 12/06/2025 | End submission calls: 12/11/2025

The security of the implementations of PQC algorithms is vital for maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, authenticity and availability of digital information and communications in the face of implementation attacks, such as, for example, side-channel attacks using information from timing, power consumption, electromagnetic radiation, fault attacks disturbing the secure of operation of the device and their combination. Such attacks, eventually also enhanced by the use of deep learning, constitute significant threats to both (embedded and regular) software and hardware implementations.

Preparing for large-scale CCAM demonstrations (CCAM Partnership) – Societal Readiness Pilot

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Code: 37217 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL5-2025-04-D6-02 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Climate, Energy and Mobility (Cluster 5)(2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 06/05/2025 | End submission calls: 04/09/2025

In recent years, work in the field of vehicle automation has focused on technological developments, human factors, extensive testing and demonstrations, with the aim of raising public awareness and facilitating market readiness.

Despite the progress achieved, challenges related to technical functionality as well as to usage, demand and affordability remain

Security evaluations of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) primitives

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Code: 37211 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL3-2025-02-CS-ECCC-04 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Civil security for society (Cluster 3) (2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 12/06/2025 | End submission calls: 12/11/2025

The intrinsic security of PQC algorithms is based on mathematical problems that are believed to be intractable for both classical and quantum computers. To assess the quantum security of post-quantum primitives is fundamental in order to boost our confidence on post-quantum cryptosystems.

Privacy Enhancing Technologies

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Code: 37209 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL3-2025-02-CS-ECCC-03 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Civil security for society (Cluster 3) (2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 12/06/2025 | End submission calls: 12/11/2025

Protecting individuals’ personal data and ensuring privacy while allowing for data processing and analysis is fundamental for our society. Privacy-preserving techniques allow to minimize the amount of personal data collected and processed, and to protect that data through advanced cryptographic methods. For instance, machine-learning methodologies are leveraged to dissect medical and behavioural data, aiming to unearth causations and insights into cyber attacks or threats. However, a substantial portion of this data comprises personal information, (such as sensitive health data), raising concerns over potential breaches or misuse, thus jeopardizing the privacy of individuals, societal well-being, and economic stability.

In addition, the challenges related to the exploitation of non-personal/industrial data assets, which could impede the full realization of the data-driven economy, are also subject to the work that can be proposed under this topic. Solutions that can provide security against quantum adversaries are also encouraged.

New advanced tools and processes for Operational Cybersecurity

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Code: 37207 | Identifier Code: HORIZON-CL3-2025-02-CS-ECCC-02 | Programme name: 2939 | Sub-program: Civil security for society (Cluster 3) (2021-2027) | Start submission calls: 12/06/2025 | End submission calls: 12/11/2025

Proposals are expected to demonstrate the developed frameworks, tools, services, and processes through pilot implementations involving the participation of relevant national cybersecurity authorities and/or essential and important entities as defined in NIS2, implemented with the participation of leading European cybersecurity industry. Proposals should consider the impact of forthcoming legislation, in particular the Cyber Resilience Act.