Proposals should address the following areas of R&I:

• Development/validation of chemical kinetics mechanisms for combustion of unconventional hydrogen blends also in different technological contexts, e.g. with and without exhaust gas recirculation, from atmospheric to industrially relevant pressures, giving special emphasis on NOx and N2O formation pathways especially for ammonia/hydrogen blends. Achieving an optimal balance between accuracy and complexity (i.e. computational cost in its use) should be considered as an important achievement;
• Numerical modelling and laboratory-scale experimental investigation of the conditions that ensure static (flashback and blow-out control) and dynamic (control of thermo-acoustic instabilities) stabilisation of premixed and non-premixed flames of unconventional, not well-known hydrogen blends while conserving low-emission performance, from atmospheric to industrially relevant pressures. The specific strategy that will be adopted to pursue the main goal should be clearly described in the proposal (e.g. fuel/air staging, fuel injection, blending etc.);
• Identification of real-time monitoring strategies of combustion, that can be reasonably implemented in gas turbines. The selected strategy should also come up with the definition of reliable and suitable indexes for the real-time identification of instability precursors.

Proposals should address the validation of unconventional, not well-known hydrogen blends (like NH3/H2/N2 blends ) combustion to TRL 4, presenting a robust research methodology and activities, establishing its technological feasibility.
The methodology should include proper assessment of the technological feasibility, safety, and risk of using new blends in DLE gas turbines for power generation and transport applications, including environmental, social, and economic risk/benefit balance (e.g. evaluation of cost reduction and efficiency improvements vs consequences in case of accident).