Actions should integrate state of the art climate science stemming from Earth System Models, Reduced Complexity Models and similar into a common integrated assessment framework. Actions should also improve the general understanding of the synergies, conflicts and trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation strategies (e.g. flood and coastal (hard) protection, irrigation and desalination measures etc).

Any such potential conflicts and interdependencies should be investigated, taking into account cross-sectorial cascading effects and temporal differences.

Actions should formulate a set of technical and policy recommendations, including sector-specific ones, targeting both public and private stakeholders, to reduce the tensions between mitigation and adaptation strategies. Given that the interactions between mitigation and adaptation often occur at regional and local scale, research should also aim at finding solutions to reconcile the different scales at which mitigation and adaptations strategies are implemented, including improving the territorial resolution of relevant tools. In addition, actions should evaluate the impact on the costs of mitigation and adaptation strategies in Europe when they are treated in an integrated manner.

Actions should explore effective ways for bridging the gap between modelling theory and practical applications, including through active involvement of and co-creation with stakeholders and end-users from various relevant fields and social categories, including through case studies in order to test and replicate the results. This should include outreach activities to general public to better explain the trade-offs and interactions between mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures.

Beneficiaries are strongly encouraged to publish results data in open access databases and/or as annexes to publications.