Proposals should address most of the following aspects:

• Perform rigorous clinical studies into the safety and efficacy of the innovative interventions and their mode of administration, ensuring adequate cohorts/sample sizes with adequate representation of the patient population, including in terms of age, sex and ethnicity.
• Through the clinical studies, gain further insight into the mechanism(s) of action of the innovative therapies and complementary approaches. This could entail analyses of imaging (e.g. MRI, ultrasound, nuclear imaging), as well as physiological, molecular, biochemical or omics signatures revealing potential perturbations prior to the intervention and recovery thereafter, and it could lead to the development of surrogate endpoints. This insight should open the path to more personalised interventions and approaches.
• Use and/or develop technologies, including digital ones (e.g., (generative) Artificial Intelligence – AI, wearable technologies) to help implement and monitor the long-term efficacy of the intervention(s), as well as manage the disorder and/or monitor their progression (e.g. with unobtrusive technologies suitable for patient monitoring at home and in real-world conditions), whilst also ensuring they are bias-free, inclusive, and ethically sound.
• Exploit existing data, biobanks, registries and/or cohorts, together with the generation of new data that should be managed in line with the FAIR principles.
• Engage all relevant stakeholders (especially patients and patients’ representatives for the disorder, caregivers, clinicians, counsellors, regulators, etc.) to design end-user optimised interventions, applying gender-sensitive and intersectional approaches.
• Advance research by leveraging already existing and emerging state-of-the-art research infrastructures (e.g. ECRIN, EATRIS, EBRAINS, BBMRI, EuroBioImaging, European Genomic Data Infrastructure, etc.), as well as results stemming from EU-supported research projects, where applicable.
• Engage with national public health authorities and regulators to ensure a robust development pathway and further uptake of the intervention.

The participation of start-ups, micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is encouraged with the aim of strengthening their scientific and technological foundations, enhancing their innovation potential, and exploring possibilities for commercial exploitation.

Funded projects should liaise with the European Partnership for Brain Health (covered by topic HORIZON-HLTH-2025-02-DISEASE-01) once launched.

The topic requires the effective contribution of social sciences and humanities (SSH) disciplines and the involvement of SSH experts, institutions as well as the inclusion of relevant SSH expertise, in order to produce meaningful and significant effects enhancing the societal impact of the related research activities.

All projects funded under this topic are strongly encouraged to participate in networking and joint activities, as appropriate. Therefore, proposals should include a budget for the attendance to regular joint meetings and may consider covering the costs of any other potential joint activities without the prerequisite to detail concrete joint activities at this stage. The details of these joint activities will be defined during the grant agreement preparation phase.

Applicants invited to the second stage should provide details of their clinical studies in the dedicated annex using the template provided in the submission system. As proposals under this topic are expected to include clinical studies, the use of the template is strongly encouraged.